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Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic
2020-06-04
Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic inflammatory disease. Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathological development and progression of this disease [24]. In addition to TNF-α, several other cytokines, chemokines, and other factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein have been ind
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Introduction Nucleic acids are polyanionic and their
2020-06-04
Introduction Nucleic acids are polyanionic and their negatively charged nucleotides allow the binding of cationic dyes, such as acridine orange (3,6-dimethylaminoacridine). Acridine orange (AO) was first synthesized in 1889, but its ability to bind nucleic acids was only reported in 1940, with grea
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Resistance to SP is linked to point mutations that accumulat
2020-06-04
Resistance to SP is linked to point mutations that accumulate at several sites in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) PP 3 synthesis of P. falciparum (Roper et al., 2003). These mutations have been identified in codons 16, 51, 59, 108, and 164 in the dhfr gene and
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Classical DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate MTX bind tigh
2020-06-04
Classical DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate (MTX) bind tightly to the enzyme and possess adequate clinical pharmacokinetics. MTX bind to the DHFR binding site through the formation of hydrogen bonds with Asn64, Lys68, Arg28, Arg70, Val115 and Ile7 amino kv1.3 inhibitor residues as well as hydrop
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It is well known that CysLTs exert potent
2020-06-04
It is well known that CysLTs exert potent contractile action on human bronchial smooth muscles through activation of CysLT1 receptors. Indeed, in vitro antigen-induced contraction of passively sensitized human bronchial tissue is markedly suppressed by a pre-treatment with CysLT1 receptor antagonist
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Two are the sigma receptors identified to date the
2020-06-04
Two are the sigma receptors identified to date: the non-opioid receptor, σ1R, and σ2R, whose identity with the Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 (PGRMC-1) protein is in doubt (Chu et al., 2015). Despite endogenous ligands have not been yet identified, drugs of abuse may interact with these
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br Conclusions CK inhibition protects young and aging WM
2020-06-04
Conclusions CK2 inhibition protects young and aging WM function against an ischemic episode by preserving oligodendrocytes and axonal structure by maintaining mitochondrial integrity. CK2 recruits CDK5 and AKT/GSK3ß signaling to mediate WM ischemic injury in a differential spatiotemporal manner s
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br Results br Discussion The most relevant
2020-06-03
Results Discussion The most relevant overall finding was that DDR1 is present in myelin and is probably synthesized by oligodendrocytes. This result was supported by three different approaches. First, we detected presence of DDR1 mRNA in myelin by ISH. Second, the pattern of DDR1 immunostainin
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Pulmonary fibroblasts can regulate the wound healing
2020-06-03
Pulmonary fibroblasts can regulate the wound healing process by secreting and processing extracellular matrix (ECM), chemokines, and cytokines. However, persistent and atypical fibroblast proliferation can result in ECM accumulation and may trigger the onset or development of pulmonary fibrosis [[17
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p is a tumor suppressor
2020-06-03
p16 is a tumor-suppressor gene that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities and arrests the aa utp in the G1 phase. Aberrant methylation and mutation of p16/MTS1 in OSCC of patients was found in our previous study. Moreover, the frequency of hypermethylation of p16 from the present stud
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br Materials and methods br Results The i v administration
2020-06-03
Materials and methods Results The i.v. administration of urocortin 2 reduced the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The ED50 for the urocortin 2 cumulative dose–response effect on mean arterial blood pressure was 0.014±0.004 mg kg−1. Urocortin 2 administration ha
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In most cases the ligand affinity between subtypes is
2020-06-03
In most cases, the ligand affinity between subtypes is similar, but their tissue distribution is different. In the case of the estrogen receptors (ER), two subtypes (ERα and ERβ) exist (Kuiper et al., 1996) and ERβ has several isoforms, designated ERβ1–5 (Moore et al., 1998) or ERβcx (Ogawa et al.,
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Another milestone in the field is the
2020-06-03
Another milestone in the field is the de novo discovery of EPAC2 and EPAC1 specific inhibitors through fluorescence-based HTS assays. Due to the excellent EPAC/PKA selectivity of PP 3 synthesis , it has been widely applied as a useful chemical probe to discriminate EPAC related signaling pathways a
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Molecular modelling studies were performed on the hDHFR
2020-06-03
Molecular modelling studies were performed on the hDHFR inhibitors identified (1, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25 and 32) to explore the structural basis of the interaction between the mentioned compounds and the human enzyme. The docking studies were performed using the X-ray crystallographic structure of the h
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The significance of the difference in the DDR
2020-06-02
The significance of the difference in the DDR2 binding specificity towards fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens is not understood, but may imply differences in biological responses when chondrocytes bind to different collagens in the growth plate. Investigations by Labrador et al. (2001) have shown
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