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In the mammalian brain synapse formation is followed by
2023-04-11
In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic
2023-04-11
Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic glycosylase phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]. Subse
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BTL-105 br Acknowledgments br Introduction Human innate immu
2023-04-11
Acknowledgments Introduction Human innate immune system provides first line of defense against multiple viral or bacterial attacks, and provides critical surveillance against oncogenic development. Evidences show that individuals with primary immunodeficiency or induced immunosuppression durin
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acetaminophen paracetamol Autophagy is a self protecting cel
2023-04-11
Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles cytoplasmic contents for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (Shao et al., 2016b). Macrophage autophagy plays an essential role in atherosclerosis by safeguarding acetaminophen paracetamol against oxidative str
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The efficacy of antibiotics in improving smell function has
2023-04-11
The efficacy of GW311616 hydrochloride in improving smell function has been previously found to be negative, both when used for bacterial and viral infections. Van Zele et al, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, found no influence of doxycycline treatment on self-reported olfac
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During the course of angiogenesis the overactivated
2023-04-11
During the course of angiogenesis, the overactivated angiogenic stimulators are responsible for carrying out abnormal proliferation in the retinal microvasculature, resulting in the formation of various immature blood vessels. These newly formed blood vessels become the prime spots for leakage of th
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br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank
2023-04-11
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Simcere Pharmaceuticals, Nanjing, China, for providing a rabbit anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody. We thank Dr. Schlisio in the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, for assistance with hypoxia assay. Y.C.’s laboratory is sup
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Epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT is the process by whic
2023-04-10
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which epithelial cells are trans-differentiated into motile mesenchymal cells. During EMT, epithelial cells reorganize their cortical pkd kinase cytoskeleton, lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity, change cell shape, and reprogram g
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Furthermore our lab previously reported that cadmium
2023-04-10
Furthermore, our lab previously reported that cadmium treatment increased AChE-S and decreased AChE-R variants gene expression, which mediates the cell death observed on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Del Pino et al., 2016b). AChE-R decreased expression, which presents a neuroprotective role i
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br Conclusions Triptans are HT B D F receptors agonists
2023-04-10
Conclusions Triptans are 5-HT1B/1D/(1F) receptors agonists and are considered as the gold standard for acute migraine treatment that have been proven effective. Unfortunately, they are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular diseases due to their vasoconstrictor (side) effects (MaassenVan
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While the yeasts and see Glossary each
2023-04-10
While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In anim
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Here we investigate the ATM to
2023-04-10
Here, we investigate the ATM to ATR switch in normal human fibroblasts (82-6 cells) after irradiation with γ-rays, or high LET 56Fe and 28Si and moderate LET 16O particles. Our data provide important evidence of LET dependence on the transition of ATM to ATR as well as end resection at the sites of
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In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective
2023-04-10
In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effect of isogarcinol against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 fasudil is a consequence of the breakdown of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism, we measured the LDH release, MDA levels, GSH levels and SOD activity. A large body of
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In order to postulate its binding mode in
2023-04-10
In order to postulate its binding mode in APN, Cilostazol australia 13v was docked into the active site of APN (PDB code: 2DQM) using Sybyl_X 1.3. As illustrated in Fig. 5A, the catalytic zinc ion of APN was chelated by the hydroxamate moiety of 13v, and the S1, S1′ and S2′ pockets of APN were occup
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion
2023-04-10
Material and methods Results Discussion RSV is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy and early childhood. Several observations suggest that immunological mechanisms may be the key to understand the severity of RSV bronchiolitis in infancy. Several laboratories have
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