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br Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate recepto
2022-03-21
Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete
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br Conclusions We have shown that
2022-03-21
Conclusions We have shown that despite the development of severe insulin intolerance and marked alterations in whole body substrate oxidation that Gcgr−/− mice are protected against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. Our data provides evidence that this protective effect is likely due in large par
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br Acknowledgements We thank the following individuals for n
2022-03-21
Acknowledgements We thank the following individuals for notable contributions to this work: Dr. Ruth Wood, Dr. Alan Watts, Dr. Casey Donovan, Andrea Suarez, Emily Nakamoto, Allison Apfel, April Banayan, and Jonathan Cheung. This study was supported by the National Institute of Health grants, DK10
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Conversely we find that dysfunction in
2022-03-21
Conversely, we find that dysfunction in lysosomal-autophagy system observed in human APP and PSEN1 mutant neurons can be reversed by β-secretase inhibition, which reduces the supply of APP-β-CTF to the late endosome and/or lysosome (Jiang et al., 2010). These data argue that accumulation and/or alte
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The active site of PS is located at the
2022-03-21
The active site of PS1 is located at the interior of its TM horseshoe-like fold (29) (Fig. 1). TM2 and TM6 serve as “doors” for substrate entry (30), as also observed in recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the PS1 subunit (31). Recent coarse-grained (CG) and atomic simulations also showed
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br Experimental Procedures Information on the
2022-03-21
Experimental Procedures Information on the materials used in this study and the details of how the in vivo and in vitro assays were performed are provided in Supplemental Information. Acknowledgments This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded b
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FFAs concentration response curves for increasing
2022-03-21
FFAs concentration–response curves for increasing intracellular calcium and receptor phosphorylation showed a difference of ≈1 order of magnitude indicating a relatively large receptor reserve, which is expected for a transfected model, and that high receptor occupancy is necessary to induce recepto
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The urea derivatives a e were obtained from phenoxybenzyl pi
2022-03-18
The urea derivatives 7a–e were obtained from 1-(3-phenoxybenzyl)-piperazine (6) by reaction of isocyanate, or triphosgene and subsequent reaction of produced carbamoyl chloride with the amine RH as shown in Scheme 2. The imidazole urea 7g was prepared by reaction of 6 with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole.
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Introduction Vesicular exocytosis an intracellular membrane
2022-03-18
Introduction Vesicular exocytosis, an intracellular membrane trafficking pathway, is a ubiquitous process for intercellular communication. It occurs when an intracellular vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and subsequently releases an infinitely minute number of chemical or biochemical messengers
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It is important to highlight that glucose
2022-03-18
It is important to highlight that glucose-dependent generation of OMP of high magnitudes occurs due to the voltage-gating properties of VDACs, because only small magnitudes of OMP were obtained when the VDAC voltage sensitivity was zero (Fig. 5). These results indicate a possible physiological role
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Hh signaling pathway plays an essential
2022-03-18
Hh signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of invertebrate and vertebrate tissue development and metabolic homeostasis. Components of Hh signaling pathway have been identified in succession, including Hh ligands, membrane protein receptors, cytoplasmic components and transcriptio
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There is increased awareness of HBV reactivation in chronic
2022-03-18
There is increased awareness of HBV reactivation in chronic HCV/HBV co-infected patients treated with DAAs [1], [2]. The recent emergence of this adverse event of DAA therapy is due to the exclusion of HBV co-infected subjects from registration clinical trials evaluating the safety of these treatmen
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There are five main research findings regarding
2022-03-18
There are five main research findings regarding possible mechanisms of low-level HBsAg expression: Most of these findings are related to the use of antiviral therapy, which results in pre-S/S gene mutations, the development of occult hepatitis, the use of immunosuppressants or S gene methylation, b
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The endocytic inhibitors MDC and CPZ and dynamin GTPase bloc
2022-03-18
The endocytic inhibitors MDC and CPZ and dynamin GTPase blocker (dynamin mutant) have been shown to significantly decrease the intracellular accumulation of cGMP. Moreover, earlier reports suggested that G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) continue to signal by generating cAMP throughout internalizat
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br Conclusions br Introduction Astrocytes
2022-03-18
Conclusions Introduction Astrocytes contribute to physiological PLX4720 function on many levels. They help maintain the physiological composition of the extracellular medium by, for instance, buffering potassium and uptake of neurotransmitters. They can also provide neurons with energy substra
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