• In addition to gonadotropes GnRHRs have also been detected o

  2022-08-02

  

  In addition to gonadotropes, GnRHRs have also been detected on somatotropes, lactotropes, thyrotropes, melanotropes, somatolactin (SL) cells, and/or corticotropes using immunohistochemical, radioligand-binding, or mRNA expression approaches across species; including fishes, rats, and humans (La Rosa

• br Flavonoid function Antioxidants are

  2022-08-02

  

  Flavonoid function Antioxidants are compounds - when present at a lower concentration compared oxidizable substrate - that delay or prevent oxidation of the substrate [14], [106]. Antioxidants act as nucleophiles to reduce an oxidative molecule to prevent its interaction with another molecule [14

• AFB Fapy dG has been long recognized as a substrate

  2022-08-02

  

  AFB1-Fapy-dG has been long recognized as a substrate for nucleotide excision repair [24,25]. However, we recently demonstrated that this lesion is removed by 3-AP synthesis excision repair. We showed that DNA glycosylase NEIL1, a member of the Fpg/Nei glycosylase family, could excise AFB1-Fapy-dG f

• br Conclusion These are exciting times in EAAT research

  2022-08-02

  

  Conclusion These are exciting times in EAAT research. The discovery and use of the GltPh and GltTk transporters as model systems for EAATs has provided detailed understanding of structure–function aspects of the transporters. Moreover, recent studies into the physiological functions of the transp

• Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are classified as being phas

  2022-08-02

  

  Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are classified as being phase I, phase II and transporter enzymes, with phase I enzymes metabolizing lipophyllic xenobiotics to make them more polar so that the phase II enzymes can perform the necessary conjugation reactions that afford elimination. Although the phas

• Fenretinide The most ubiquitous serine threonine phosphatase

  2022-08-02

  

  The most ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatases, such as PP1, PP2A, and PP2B are known to contribute to the majority of phosphatase activity in the heart [4]. Dysregulation of these and other PPs have been found in numerous CVDs, including heart failure (HF), and may play a critical role in reduce

• PCP inhibitor br Conclusion and future directions GS is an i

  2022-08-02

  

  Conclusion and future directions GS is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Its structure and function have been studied during the last years to understand the substrate cleavage mechanism to modulate the Aβ42 peptide production. The recent elucidation of GS

• Interestingly GAL has also been

  2022-08-02

  

  Interestingly, GAL has also been shown to be co-expressed and/or secreted in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) (Merchenthaler et al., 1991, Marks et al., 1994) and kisspeptin (KISS) neurons (Porteous et al., 2011). Furthermore, GAL was shown to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion

• Introduction Osteoclasts are large multinuclear

  2022-08-02

  

  Introduction Osteoclasts are large, multinuclear exportin that are responsible for the resorption (breakdown) of bone [1]. Together with osteoblasts, the bone forming cell, they maintain the integrity of the skeleton through constant resorption and repair of bone. Osteoclast precursors of monocyti

• br Molecular aberrations in the FGFR

  2022-08-02

  

  Molecular aberrations in the FGFR signaling pathway Non–small cell lung cancer Small cell lung cancer Integrated alk inhibitor analysis revealed focal amplification of FGFR1 in 6% of SCLC cases. In another study with PD173074, Pardo et al. used two human SCLC xenograft models, H-510 and H-

• br Role of ferroptosis in PD Pathological progression of PD

  2022-08-02

  

  Role of ferroptosis in PD Pathological progression of PD displays features that may facilitate ferroptosis induction such as elevated iron in the SNpc [49], [57], [88], [122], depleted GSH [194] and lipid peroxidation [51]. Iron chelation has been shown to mitigate the motor impairment in mouse m

• br Introduction A great many isoprenoids

  2022-08-02

  

  Introduction A great many isoprenoids with varieties of structural diversity, such as steroids, carotenoids, prenyl quinones, and natural rubber, occur in nature. All of these biosynthetic precursors are constructed by the action of prenyl chain elongating enzymes [1], [2], [3], [4]. These enzyme

• Despite the increased risk for infections and the widespread

  2022-08-02

  

  Despite the increased risk for infections and the widespread availability of vaccines, reported vaccine coverage rates among HIV-infected adult patients are low [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Data from two studies in the United States suggested that influenza vaccination coverage among HIV-infected p

• ANT located in the IMM mediates the

  2022-08-01

  

  ANT, located in the IMM, mediates the exchange of ATP/ADP between the mitochondrial matrix and the intermembrane space (IMS) (Brand et al., 2005; Palmieri and Pierri, 2010). Of the 4 known isoforms, ANT1 is the dominant isoform in the heart (Palmieri and Pierri, 2010). Under physiological conditions

• br S proteins and HBV induced

  2022-07-30

  

  S proteins and HBV-induced autophagy HBV surface proteins (S proteins or HBs) are reported to trigger HBV-induced autophagy by inducing ER stress and UPR in host Famprofazone sale [22]. HBx and HBV-induced autophagy HBx is a multifunctional viral protein. It can regulate virus replication, p

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