• Social interaction is known to be the main source of

  2020-12-21

  

  Social interaction is known to be the main source of stress in human beings (Dickerson and Kemeny, 2004, Tamashiro et al., 2005). An animal model of social stress should closely mimic real-life situations in human life (Neisewander et al., 2012); in this context, social defeat in an agonistic encoun

• Enlarging the ligand binding pocket by reduction of the

  2020-12-21

  

  Enlarging the ligand-binding pocket by reduction of the size of the residue F435 switched DES to an agonist indicating that F435 is involved in mediating the antagonistic effect of DES (Fig. 7E) [13]. The conformation of the smaller side chain of L435 was either not altered by DES or was too small t

• Curcumin is found safe in several human studies

  2020-12-18

  

  Curcumin is found safe in several human studies (Chainani-Wu, 2003; Cheng et al., 2001; Dcodhar et al., 2013), in contrary, the toxicity of curcumin has also been reported under some specific conditions (Burgos-Morón et al., 2010). Moreover, it deoxycorticosterone australia was also reported that c

• 184 3 Although the mechanisms underlying the EP mediated inc

  2020-12-18

  

  Although the mechanisms underlying the EP4-mediated increase in the frequency of mEPSCs via PGE2 remain unclear, mechanisms similar to those driven by EP2 may be involved because activation of both these receptor subtypes increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (Nishigaki et al., 1995, Sug

• Since the interaction between the E and E is

  2020-12-18

  

  Since the interaction between the E2 and E3 is weak and transient, it has been difficult to identify novel interactions between specific E2/E3 complexes [59], [64]. Here we used a modified bait consisting of the Mulan RING domain fused to one of the four E2s isolated in our screen and expressed in y

• The first hint that GLP

  2020-12-18

  

  The first hint that GLP-1 might not be completely stable came from a meeting abstract in 1992, reporting that GLP-1 could be degraded in plasma incubations [16], although the enzyme(s) involved was not identified. A year later, Mentlein and colleagues [17], in a search for peptide substrates of the

• br Results The AR genotype frequencies are shown

  2020-12-18

  

  Results The AR genotype frequencies are shown in Table 1. Alleles at the two loci are in linkage disequilibrium, as expected for such closely linked loci and consistent with previous findings (Kittles et al., 2001). The genotype frequency for the DBH 1021 polymorphism is similar to previous find

• Several limitations of this study need

  2020-12-18

  

  Several limitations of this study need to be acknowledged. First, although 200 patients were recruited into this study and completed assessments at baseline, only 89 patients completed the cognitive tests after 8weeks of treatment. The relatively long study period (8weeks) was the main reason for th

• Two key enzymes play important roles

  2020-12-18

  

  Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of xylitol from d-arabitol, namely d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and NADH-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively (Qi et al., 2014). In an earlier study, we developed a high xylitol yield strain by expressing xdh in E. coli BL21

• br Acknowledgements br Membrane bound proton translocating i

  2020-12-18

  

  Acknowledgements Membrane-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) belong to a recently identified category of proton pumps, distinct from F-, P-, and V-ATPases, which utilize pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for H movement across biological membr

• On the other hand p responds to environmental stress includi

  2020-12-17

  

  On the other hand, p38 responds to environmental stress, including ultraviolet light, heat, osmotic shock, and inflammatory cytokines (Pearson et al., 2001, Kumar et al., 2003), and is activated in astrocytes after ischemia-like injury (Yung and Tolkovsky, 2003, Niu et al., 2009). Moreover, p38 acti

• CYP enzymes have an important role in microsomal oxidase

  2020-12-17

  

  CYP450 berbamine have an important role in microsomal oxidase function across a broad range of taxa (Pakharukova et al., 2012). They are involved in metabolism and detoxification of both internally generated compounds and xenobiotics as the phase I metabolizing enzymes and play an important role in

• In the livers mefenamic acid

  2020-12-17

  

  In the livers, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and meloxicam significantly reduced expression of both 20-HETE and EETs synthesizing cyp450 genes (ANOVA, p value 0.05, Fig. 6). Control group: The lobular architecture and zonal accentuation in the liver of the control group were well preserved and kept i

• Pattern separation is a process that takes

  2020-12-17

  

  Pattern separation is a process that takes place in the hippocampus and more specifically in the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis region 3 (CA3) (Morris, Churchwell, Kesner, & Gilbert, 2012). The main source of input in the hippocampus is derived from the enthorinal cortex (EC) that mainly proje

• Neuropsychological studies of adults with problem

  2020-12-17

  

  Neuropsychological studies of adults with problem gambling indicate impairments in many cognitive areas including inhibition, working memory, decision-making, cognitive flexibility, and executive planning (Ledgerwood et al., 2012, Goudriaan et al., 2006). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulat

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