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br Trauma and ACEs screening the past present and
2024-10-29
Trauma and ACEs screening: the past, present, and future Traditionally, allopathy’s biomedical model has utilized an etic perspective; the outsiders’ view of the problem. Development of diagnostic screening tools requires an etic approach, which relies heavily on a completely objective perspectiv
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A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism wa
2024-10-29
A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial
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br Phosphorylation of P c Initial studies In
2024-10-29
Phosphorylation of P450c17 – Initial studies In addition to the molar ratio of POR to P450c17 and the allosteric action of cytochrome b5, a third factor that governs 17,20 lyase activity is the serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation of P450c17 itself. In a search for post-translational factor
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For the NSCLC patients with
2024-10-29
For the NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations, EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) are effective clinical therapies [21], [22]. However, approximately 10% of patients harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations exhibit intrinsic resistance, and up to 40% do not attain a major response to treatment
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br Role of autophagy in alcoholic
2024-10-29
Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa
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br Method of literature search br Disclosures br Acknowledgm
2024-10-29
Method of literature search Disclosures Acknowledgment The authors thank and acknowledge Mrs. Jaini Parekh, BFA, for illustrating the diagram in Figure 1. An overview of angiogenesis Angiogenesis is a biological process through which there is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-
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br Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natu
2024-10-29
Acknowledgements This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21376172, 21528601 and 21621004) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Contract No. 16JCZDJC32300). Introduction Alzheimer’s disease
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Recently two distinct small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH wer
2024-10-28
Recently, two distinct small-molecule inhibitors of PHGDH were identified using high-throughput screens, both of which inhibit de novo serine biosynthesis and show selective toxicity to cancer A-1210477 synthesis with high SSP flux [50,51]. The inhibitor NCT-503, which has an IC50 of 2.5μM, reduces
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Retigabine dihydrochloride When a clinician diagnoses a pers
2024-10-28
When a clinician diagnoses a person with AD, the person is transformed into a patient with the disease. The person is a member of a patient group associated with behaviors, abilities, and experiences related both formally and informally to the diagnosis [10]. The diagnostic label implies what signs
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br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on
2024-10-28
Functional consequences of ADK regulation on astrocyte function As outlined above (see introduction), ADK critically regulates the extracellular adenosine levels in THZ1 Hydrochloride (Boison, 2006, Etherington et al., 2009). Changes in the levels of adenosine, as a result of the regulation of AD
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The exact etiology of BPH is not completely understood
2024-10-28
The exact etiology of BPH is not completely understood, however this pathology has been associated with elevated 2-MeOE2 levels of the androgen DHT (10). Thus, a valuable strategy in BHP treatment is the reduction of DHT (10) levels, by inhibiting its biosynthetic production [6], [8]. An important
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br ATX LPA pathway in animal models of
2024-10-28
ATX–LPA pathway in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis Several animal models have been used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and to test new therapeutic strategies. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model (Courtenay et al., 1980, Luross and Williams, 2
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br Conclusion br List of abbreviations
2024-10-28
Conclusion List of abbreviations Acknowledgment The studies performed by our laboratory and presented in this review were supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, (KAKENHI 17590618 [to H.I.] and KAKENHI 22249017 [to Y.Y.]), and the Japanese S
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br Introduction Stroke is a devastating
2024-10-28
Introduction Stroke is a devastating condition that causes cognitive and motor dysfunction, neurodegenerative diseases and even acute death, and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide (Chen et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2016). Thus, exploration or identification of novel therapeuti
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In the mammalian brain synapse formation is followed
2024-10-28
In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning